What are the top SEO ranking factors ?

There are 2 major factors to rank high in search engines:

Website content - Search engines will look for unique content. Your site can have 15 pages but if all of them are copy you will be ignored. When writing your webpage, try to make it unique. Beside this, very important factor will be how often you will update your site. Search engine robots will ignore your page if you do not make change on regular basis.

Link popularity - The most important element for your site to rank high is how popular is our site in web community. All search engines use link popularity to rank your website. In simple words link popularity is the number of other web sites that link to your homepage. The more links to your website, the higher your search engine rankings because search engines think that your web site must be important if other web sites link to your site. The number of links alone is not enough to improve your ranking, it's also important that the other web sites are related to your niche. Links from unrelated web sites can hurt your web.

The number of links pointing to your site from other sites, with the keyword you are trying to rank for as anchor text.But, backlinks from sites related to your site with higher page ranks, carry more wight than other kinds of backlinks. 1 backlink from a related pr 6 site, can effect your SEO, way more than 100s of backlinks from non related and low ranking sites.

With that said, there are other factors as well including:
1- Having a keyword optimized site and pages
2- keywords in the title and domain of your site
3- keywords in the title of your articles(pages)
4- Optimized images (using keywords for alternate text)
5- Internal linking (linking from one page to another and vice versa within your site)